Topic 2. Data types, variables, operators, console input and output (std::print), and control flow statements

Goal: learn to choose data types; validate input; build branches and loops; format results and check edge cases

Lecture contents

1. Types, variables, and constants — A type as a set of values and allowed operations · Initialization, names, and constants
2. Operators, output, and input — Operators and numeric limits · Formatted output · Input and stream state
3. Branches and loops — Branching · Loops and random numbers
4. From requirements to an algorithm — How to build an algorithm from the requirements of a problem · Checking an algorithm and common mistakes

Practice and review

• Practice — 3 worked examples with full code
• Tasks — 30 variants, each with tasks at three difficulty levels
• Summary — conclusions, self-check questions, and useful links