Topic 2. Data types, variables, operations, console input/output, and control flow

Goal: learn to choose data types, convert console input, build branches and loops, validate data, and justify results using reference examples.

Lecture contents

1. Objects, names, and data types — Objects, names, and dynamic typing · Numeric types and precision · Strings, None, and conversions
2. Operations, input, and output — Operations and evaluation order · Functions, rounding, and modules · Console input and output
3. Branching and pattern matching — Branching with if, elif, else · Structural pattern matching with match
4. Loops and common algorithms — while and for loops · Common loop algorithms · Checking a program and common mistakes

Practice and review

• Practice — 3 worked examples with complete code
• Tasks — 30 variants, each with tasks at three difficulty levels
• Summary — conclusions, self-check questions, and useful links